AS: Aortic Valve Area (Gorlin)
Estimate aortic valve area
The Gorlin Equation relies on the ratio of peak-to-peak instantaneous gradients. In mild-moderate stenosis the peak-to-peak gradient, does not reflect mean gradient however it is often close to mean gradient for severe stenosis. In low-flow states (CO < 2.5 L/min) as the Gorlin equation tends to overestimate the degree of stenosis.
The normal aortic valve area is 3-4 cm2. Symptoms tend to not be apparent until the AS is severe (<1cm2). If a patient presents with symptoms and the AVA is measured in the mild-moderate range alternative causes should be explored before attributing them to AS alone.
- [1]Robert O Bonow, Blase A Carabello et al.: ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): Developed in Collaboration With the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions: Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons.Circulation 2006;114;84-231
- [2]Oh J, Seward JB, Tajik AJ.: The Echo Manual 3rd edition. Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins. 2007
- [3]Kern MJ.: The Cardiac Catheterization Handbook 4th Edition. Mosby 2003
- [4]Gorlin R, Gorlin SG.: Hydraulic formula for calculation of stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts.Am Heart J 41:1-29, 1951
Results
Real-time automated computation
(ACC/AHA 2006)
The Gorlin Equation relies on the ratio of peak-to-peak instantaneous gradients. In mild-moderate stenosis the peak-to-peak gradient, does not reflect mean gradient however it is often close to mean gradient for severe stenosis. In low-flow states (CO < 2.5 L/min) as the Gorlin equation tends to overestimate the degree of stenosis.
The normal aortic valve area is 3-4 cm2. Symptoms tend to not be apparent until the AS is severe (<1cm2). If a patient presents with symptoms and the AVA is measured in the mild-moderate range alternative causes should be explored before attributing them to AS alone.
- [1]Robert O Bonow, Blase A Carabello et al.: ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): Developed in Collaboration With the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions: Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons.Circulation 2006;114;84-231
- [2]Oh J, Seward JB, Tajik AJ.: The Echo Manual 3rd edition. Lippincott, Williams, Wilkins. 2007
- [3]Kern MJ.: The Cardiac Catheterization Handbook 4th Edition. Mosby 2003
- [4]Gorlin R, Gorlin SG.: Hydraulic formula for calculation of stenotic mitral valve, other cardiac valves, and central circulatory shunts.Am Heart J 41:1-29, 1951